Sustainable development and cultural heritage management in Botswana: towards sustainable communities
Abstract
Introduction
Background
Analysis
Conceptual Analysis
Way Forward
Conclusion
References
Binns T, Nel E. 2002. Tourism as a local development strategy in South Africa. The Geographical Journal 168(3): 235–245.
Direct Link:
Burns P (ed.). 1995. Tourism: in search of paradox and paradigms. In Tourism and Minorities' Heritage: Impacts and Prospects (Papers in Leisure and Tourism Studies No. 6), BurnsP (ed.) University of North London: London; 9–12.
Carman J, Keitumetse S. 2005. Talking about heritage and tourism. In The SAA Archaeological Record. No. 3 vol. 5. Society for American Archaeologists: Washington; 39–41.
Carver M. 1996. On archaeological value. Antiquity 70: 40–56.
Cleere H. 1989. Introduction: the rationale of archaeological heritage management. In Archaeological Heritage Management in the Modern World, CleereH (ed.). Routledge: London; 5–17.
Conkey M, Gero J. 1991. Tensions, pluralities, and engendering archaeology: an introduction to women and prehistory. In Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory GeroJ, ConkeyM (eds). Blackwell: Oxford; 3–30.
Convery I. 2006. Lifescapes and governance: the regulo system in central Mozambique. Review of African Political Economy 108: 67–85.
Darvill T. 1995. Value and systems in archaeology. In Managing Archaeology, CooperMA et al. (eds). Routledge: London; 40–50.
Department of the Environment, England. 1990. Planning Policy Guidance (PPG16): Archaeology and Planning. Department of the Environment: London.
Edroma EL. 2004. Linking universal and local values for the sustainable management of world heritage sites. In World Heritage Papers 13, Linking Universal and Local Values: Managing a Sustainable Future for World Heritage, conference organized by the Netherlands National Commission for UNESCO, in Collaboration with the Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, 2003. UNESCO: Paris; 36–41.
Engelstad E. 2000. Gender, feminism, and sexuality in archaeological studies. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioural Sciences: 6002–6006.
English Heritage. 1991. Management of Archaeological Projects (MAP 2). English Heritage: London.
English Heritage. 1997. The Monuments Protection Programme: an Introduction. English Heritage: London.
English Heritage. 2000. Power of Place: the Future of the Historic Environment. English Heritage: London.
European Commission. 2003. Using Natural and Cultural Heritage to Develop Sustainable Tourism. European Commission: Brussels.
Faulkner N. 2000. Archaeology from below. Public Archaeology 1: 21–33.
Fisher E, Jones J, von Schomberg R (eds). 2006. Implementing the Precautionary Principle: Perspectives and Prospects. Elgar: Cheltenham; 1–11.
Green CH. 1995. Economics: Casting a Light or Darkness Upon Sustainable Development. Middlesex University: Enfield.
Hall D. 1992. A Dialogue of Cultures for Sustainable Development. Commonwealth Human Ecology Council: London.
Holtorf C. 2001. Is the past a non-renewable resource? In The Conservation and Destruction of Cultural Property LaytonR, StoneP, ThomasJ (eds). Routledge: London; 286–295.
International Labour Organisation (ILO). 1989. Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries. Adopted on 27 June 1989 by the General Conference of the International Labour Organisation at its 76th session. http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/62.htm [11 May 2009].
Keitumetse S. 2006. UNESCO 2003 Convention on Intangible Heritage: practical implications for heritage management approaches in Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin 61(184): 166–171.
Keitumetse S, Matlapeng G, Monamo L. 2007. Cultural landscapes, communities and world heritage: in pursuit of the local in the Tsodilo Hills, Botswana. In Series: World Archaeological Congress (WAC) Envisioning Landscape: Situations and Standpoints in Archaeology and Heritage, HicksD, McAtackneyL, FaircloughG (eds). Left Coast: Walnut Creek, CA; 101–117.
Kent S (ed.). 1998. Gender in African Prehistory. Alta Mira: London.
Kopp H. 2005. Sustainability, culture and regional scales: some remarks from human geography. In Global Sustainability: the Impact of Local Cultures a New Perspective for Science, Engineering, Economics and Politics, WildererPA, SchroederED, KoppH (eds). Wiley-VCH: Weinheim; 143–144.
Kristiansen K. 1989. Perspectives on the Archaeological Heritage: History and Future, in Cleere, H. F. (ed.). Archaeological Heritage Management in the Modern World. 23–29. Boston: Unwin
Kristiansen K. 1992. The strength of the past and its great might: an essay on the use of the past. Journal of European Archaeology 1: 3–32.
Lehmann D. 1979. Introduction. In Development Theory: Four Critical Studies, LehmannD et al. (ed.). Cass: London; 1–6.
Li Y. 2004. Exploring community tourism in China: the case of Nanshan Cultural Tourism Zone. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 12(3): 175–190.
Lipe W. 1984. Value and meaning in cultural resources. In Approaches to the Archaeological Heritage, CleareHF (ed.). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 1–11.
Maggio GF. 1996. The Role of International Law in Promoting the Sustainable Development of Natural Resources: A Focus on Living Resource Regimes. Unpublished PhD thesis. Department of Law, University of Cambridge: Cambridge.
McManamon F. 2005. The public meaning of America's archaeological heritage. Society for American Archaeologists 5(2): 22–23.
Merriman N. 2003. Public Archaeology. Routledge: London.
Meskell, L (ed.). 1998. Archaeology Under Fire: Nationalism, Politics and Heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Routledge: London.
Midgley J. 1986. Community participation: history, concepts and controversies. In Community Participation, Social Development and the State, MidgleyJ (ed.). Methuen: London; 13–44.
Miller S. 2001. Social Action: A Teleological Account. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Milton K. 1996. Environmentalism and Cultural Theory: Exploring the Role of Anthropology in Environmental Discourse. Routledge: London.
Mukherjee N. 1993. Participatory Rural Appraisal: Methodology and Applications, Studies in Rural Participation 1. Concept: New Delhi.
Ndoro W. 2001. Your Monument Our Shrine. Uppsala University: Uppsala.
Pearce D et al. 1993. Blueprint 3: Measuring Sustainable Development. Earthscan: London.
Quarrie J (ed.). 1992. Earth Summit '92: the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro.
Rahnema M. 1992. Participation. In The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power, SachsW (ed.). Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg.
Redclift M. 1987. Sustainable Development: Exploring the Contradictions. Methuen: London.
Republic of Botswana, Department of Culture and Youth. National Policy on Culture, October 2001. Government Printer: Gaborone.
Republic of Botswana, Department of Tourism. Tourism Policy: Government Paper No. 2 of 1990. Government Printer: Gaborone.
Republic of Botswana, Department of Wildlife and National Parks. Wildlife Conservation and National Parks Act No. 28 of 1992. Government Printer: Gaborone.
Republic of Botswana, Ministry of Environment, Wildlife & Tourism (MEWT). 2007. Community Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) Policy. Government Printer: Gaborone.
Republic of Botswana, Ministry of Home Affairs. Monuments and Relics Act 1970, Chapter 59:03. Government Printer: Gaborone.
Republic of Botswana, Ministry of Home Affairs. Monuments and Relics Act No.12 of 2001. Government Printer: Gaborone.
Robinson N (ed.). 1993. Agenda 21 and The UNCED Proceedings. Third Series: International Protection of the Environment, Vol. 6. Oceana: New York.
Roe DM, Grieg-Gran M, Schalken W. 2001. Getting the Lion's Share from Tourism: Private Sector–Community Partnerships in Namibia. Poverty, Inequality and Environment Series No.1, Vols 1–3. IIED and NACOBTA: Namibia.
Rowlands MJ. 1994. The politics of identity in archaeology. In Social Construction of the Past: Representations as Power BondGC, GilliamA (eds). Routledge: London; 129–143.
Schaafsma F. 1989. Significant until proven otherwise: problems versus representative samples. In Archaeological Heritage Management in the Modern World. One World Archaeology 9, CleereHF (ed.). Unwin: London; 38–51.
Sengupta R. 2001. Ecology and Economics: an Approach to Sustainable Development. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Short T. 2008. Sustainable development in Rwanda: industry and government. Sustainable Development 16: 56–69.
Direct Link:
Sinclair P. 2004. Archaeology and identity: some examples from Southern Africa. In Combining the Past and the Present: Archaeological Perspectives on Society, OestigaardT et al. (eds). Proceedings from the conference Prehistory in Global Perspective, Bergen, 2001, BAR International Series 1210. Archaeopress: Oxford; 171–179.
Skeates R. 2000. Debating the Archaeological Heritage. Duckworth: London.
Smith GL. 1993. Impact Assessment and Sustainable Resource Management. Longman: Edinburgh.
Smith P. 2001. Cultural Theory: an Introduction. Blackwell: Oxford.
Sorensen MLS. 2000. Gender Archaeology. Polity: Cambridge.
Stankey GH, Cole DN, Lucas RC, Peterson ME, Frissell SS. 1985. Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) System for Wilderness Planning. General. Technical. Report INT-176. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Ogden.
UNESCO. 1972. The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) meeting, Paris, 1972, 17th session. Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted 1972.
UNESCO. 2003. The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) meeting, Paris, 2003, 32nd session. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, adopted 17 October 2003. Paris.
Warburton D. 1998. Community and Sustainable Development: Participation in the Future. Earthscan: London.
World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar